Did you know that most people in the UK never buy a health insurance policy because the NHS covers almost everything? That’s true, but there are situations where having a private plan isn’t just a luxury—it’s a requirement. Whether you’re a student from abroad, an EU worker, or a self‑employed contractor, you may need to prove you have coverage before you can work or study.
First off, the NHS is free at the point of use for residents, but it doesn’t cover everything. Dental work, optical care, and many elective procedures sit outside the public system. If you fall into a category that the NHS doesn’t automatically cover, you’ll be asked for private health insurance. That’s what we call “mandatory health insurance” – a policy you must hold to meet legal or institutional rules.
International students arriving on a Tier 4 visa are a prime example. Universities often require proof of private health cover for the whole study period, even though you’ll still be able to use NHS services for emergencies. The same goes for some EU nationals who move to the UK after Brexit; they need a policy that meets the UK’s immigration health surcharge rules. If you’re self‑employed and want to contract with a private firm, many contracts list a minimum level of cover as a condition.
Another group includes people who travel a lot for work. If you’re posted abroad for a few months, your employer may ask you to keep a UK‑based policy that offers worldwide emergency cover. In these cases, the insurance isn’t optional – it protects you and satisfies the employer’s risk policy.
Even if you’re not forced to buy a plan, many choose private insurance for speed and choice. Private hospitals can schedule surgeries weeks instead of months, and you get a say in which doctor treats you. That matters if you have a condition that the NHS queue could worsen, like certain cancers or chronic illnesses.
Cost is the other big factor. In 2025, a basic private health insurance policy in England averages £80‑£120 per month, while a comprehensive plan can hit £300‑£500. Prices rise if you add dental, optical, or overseas travel cover. Compare that to the £10‑£12 weekly immigration health surcharge you pay if you’re on a visa – the private plan can be cheaper in the long run if you need frequent specialist appointments.
When you shop for a policy, look at three things: what’s covered, how fast you can access treatment, and any limits on overseas care. Some insurers offer a “fast‑track” option that guarantees an appointment within 48 hours for urgent cases. Others include a cash‑back clause if you never use the plan – handy if you end up relying mostly on the NHS.
Finally, remember that mandatory insurance isn’t a one‑size‑fits‑all. Your situation, budget, and health needs will decide the right level of cover. Check the specific requirement from your university, employer, or visa documentation, then match it with a policy that gives you the most bang for your buck.
Bottom line: the UK’s NHS covers most residents, but certain groups must hold private health insurance by law or contract. Knowing who needs it, what it costs, and how it stacks up against public care helps you avoid surprises and stay healthy without breaking the bank.
